A general description of typical storage rack components, accessories, and construction.
Storage rack frames typically have three to four components, the column, bracing (diagonal and horizontal), a footplate or baseplate, and sometimes a backer. Typical frame or upright information that is required for seismic analysis are the height and width of the frame, steel gauge of the columns, bracing material dimensions, footplate size (length x width x thickness), and the number of holes in the footplate. Seismic engineers will also want to know the type of column, structural, roll form, or tube. Often times, frame columns are stamped with a part number that allows you to know who the manufacturer is and what gauge steel they used.
Storage rack beams make up the storage levels of your rack system. Two beams are typically required per storage level. Beams are welded to connectors on each side that either bolt into or drop into the frame depending on the style of your material. They will vary in length, though most typical applications use beams that are 96" and 144" long. Typical information required for seismic analysis is the type of beam (roll form or structural) the length of the beam, face dimension, size of the connector, and the steel gauge of the beam. Beams can also have stamps that help you identify the manufacturer and part number.
Wire decks are wire mesh units that either rest on or are screwed into the rack beams. They are ideal for individual case storage because they do not require a pallet for your to store on. Wire decks can provide support for pallets as well.
Row spacers are typically for alignment purposes only. They assist to maintain a consistent flue space between back to back frames. Occasionally, seismic engineering may require structural row spacers to help achieve a desired capacity.
Pallet supports are a more economical way for extra stability for pallet storage. Typically they are made of steel and can be designed to bolt or screw into beams. Sometimes pallet supports are made from wood and are cut to fit and installed flush on storage rack beams. Typically, you will require 2 each per pallet position that is located on a beam level.
End of aisle protection is not typically required, but it's a useful accessory that allows you to protect your rack system. They come in many shapes and sizes, but the gist of their role is to protect the lower portion of the frames and columns from damage that can be caused by forklift traffic. This particular unit shown was designed for an end of aisle application. Rack column protection is also a useful tool that can help you prolong the use of your storage rack by reducing damage from forklifts.
Concrete anchors are almost always required when installing storage rack. Typical storage rack installations use either a wedge or screw anchor that is bolted to the footplate of the upright during installation. Each type and brand of anchor has different factors that seismic engineers must consider for storage rack installations. A rack configuration can require anywhere from 1-4 anchors per footplate depending on the load required, height of the configuration, and seismic zone.
This is a basic model of what a typical storage rack bay would look like once it's constructed. This individual configuration has two beam levels and three storage levels. Why three storage levels? You count the floor, plus the two levels of storage that the rack beams provide. As you can see on this sample configuration, level one is equipped with wire decks and level two is equipped with pallet supports. The anchors would be installed in the foot plate at the base of the frame. This image only shows an individual bay, typically storage racks are designed to be continuous rows with aisles where the length of which is limited by the size of your warehouse. Height and beam levels of the storage rack may also vary depending on the construction of your warehouse.